Bibliometric Analysis of the Worldwide Scientific Production on COVID?19 Infection and Cerebrovascular Disease

Objective: To identify the worldwide bibliometric characteristics of research on SARS?CoV?2 infection and cerebrovascular disease. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, and bibliometric study was performed. We analyzed 1834 publications about COVID?19 and cerebrovascular disease from the Scopus database considering the time since the beginning of the pandemic between 2019 and 2020. Bibliometric indicators were evaluated such as number of citations, citations per publication by authors, countries, journals, and collaborations at national, international, institutional, and impact levels according to Cite Score Quartile and h?index metrics. All analysis was performed using SciVal software. Results: The highest percentage of articles corresponded to universities in the United States, including Harvard and New York with 59 and 20 publications, respectively, and the University of Toronto in Canada with 22 publications. In relation to citation indicators, journals such as Stroke and Journal Stroke and Cerebrovascular diseases obtained 1971 and 561 citations, respectively. Regarding collaboration indicators, the national collaboration index was 39.4% and the institutional collaboration index was 31.1%. Finally, neurology, cardiovascular medicine, and cardiology and surgery were the subject areas with the highest research results, with 424, 217, and 128 studies, respectively. Conclusion: It was observed that the United States was the country with the highest scientific production on COVID?19 and cerebrovascular disease in the year 2020 in the different health areas; however, more research is still needed worldwide for a better analysis of the bibliometric indicators on the subject.

Actividad antioxidante del gel a base de extracto de Origanum vulgare ¿Importante para la salud bucal? Estudio preliminar / Antioxidant activity of Origanum vulgare extract gel. Is it important for oral health?. Preliminary study

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la actividad antioxidante del extracto hidroalcohólico de Origanum vulgare a través de 03 métodos de ensayo DPPH, ABTS y FRAP. Material y métodos: La muestra recolectada de Origanum vulgare se secó, redujo el tamaño y se colocó a macerar 500 gramos de muestra seca en 1000 mL de etanol 97% durante una semana. Pasado el tiempo se procedió a filtrar el macerado y se concentró en estufa. Se procedió a realizar las formulaciones. Estas diluciones, se sometieron a los análisis antioxidantes. Resultados: Método DPPH, el gel al 25% mostró un IC50 de 98,485 mg/mL equivalente a la dilución del 78,789% y para el caso del estándar Trolox® presentó un IC50 de 2,48 µg/mL. Método ABTS, la formulación de gel al 25% presentó un IC50 de 3,687 mg/mL equivalente a una dilución de 77,75% y para el estándar Trolox® presentó un IC50 de 2,99 µg/mL, a diferencia de las otras formulaciones. Se evidenció relación entre el porcentaje de inhibición y concentración de las muestras con una correlación aceptada (R2) para geles al 25%, 50%, 75% de extracto de Origanum vulgare y Trolox® de 0,9972; 0,9987 y 0,9986 respectivamente. Método FRAP, observó acción rápida durante los 4 minutos, siendo 125 mg de extracto contenido en el gel de 25% equivalente a 4mg de Trolox®. Conclusiones: Se determinó la actividad antioxidante equivalente al Trolox®, mediante análisis antioxidante, con mejor poder de captación de radical libre promedio (Trolox/mg) de extracto y estuvo presente en el gel a base de Extracto de Origanum vulgare al 25%.

SUMMARY Objective: To determine the antioxidant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Origanum vulgare through DPPH, ABTS and FRAP essays. Material and Methods: The sample collected from Origanum vulgare was dried, reduced in size and placed to macerate 500 grams of dry sample in 1000 mL of 97% ethanol for one week. After time, the macerate was processed through a filter and concentrated in an oven. The formulations were carried out and the dilutions were analyzed with the antioxidant essays. Results : DPPH Method, the 25% gel showed an IC50 of 98.485 mg / mL equivalent to the dilution of 78.789% and for the Trolox® standard, it presented IC50 of 2.48 µg / mL. ABTS Method, the 25% gel formulation presented IC50 of 3.687 mg / mL equivalent to a dilution of 77.75% and for the Trolox® standard it presented IC50 of 2.99 µg / mL, a difference from the other formulations. The results evidenced a relation between the percentage of inhibition and concentration of the samples with an accepted correlation (R2) for the gels at 25%, 50%, 75% of extract of Origanum vulgare and Trolox® of 0.9972; 0.9987 and 0.9986 respectively. FRAP Method, with fast action during the 4 minutes, being 125 mg of extract contained in the gel 25% equivalent to 4mg of Trolox®. Conclusions: It was determined that the antioxidant activity equivalent to Trolox®, with antioxidant assays, with the best average free radical uptake power (Trolox / mg) of extract was present in the gel of Extract of Origanum vulgare 25%.

Antibacterial activity of Bixa orellana L. (achiote) against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis

Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxic and antibacterial effect of Bixa orellana L. (B. orellana) (achiote) methanol extract against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) (S. mutans) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556) (S. sanguinis). Methods: Two methanol extracts of B. orellana were prepared in vitro, from the seeds and leaves. The antibacterial activity of extracts against S. mutans and S. sanguinis was evaluated using the cup-plate agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the microdilution method and the cytotoxic activity was determinated by using the cell line MDCK. Results: A stronger antibacterial effect was observed with the leaves methanolic extract with an inhibition zone of (19.97 ± 1.31) mm against S. mutans and (19.97 ± 1.26) mm against S. sanguinis. The methanolic extract of the seeds had an activity of (15.11 ± 1.03) mm and (16.15 ± 2.15) mm against S. mutans and S. sanguinis, respectively. The MIC of the leaf and the seed extracts against S. sanguinis was 62.5 and 125 μg/mL, respectively, and the MIC of the leaf extract against S. mutans was 62.5 μg/mL, and for the seed extract it was 31.25 μg/mL. The 50% cytotoxic concentration was 366.45 and 325.05 μg/mL for the leaves and seeds extracts, respectively. Conclusions: The experimental findings demonstrated the antibacterial effect of the methanolic extract of B. orellana (achiote) on S. mutans and S. sanguinis. The extract of this plant is cytotoxic at high concentrations.

Antibacterial activity of Myrciaria dubia (Camu camu) against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis

Objective To evaluate the antibacterial and cytotoxic effect of Myrciaria dubia (Camu camu) (M. dubia) methanol extract, against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) (S. mutans) and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556) (S. sanguinis). Methods Two methanol extracts of M. dubia were prepared in vitro, from the seeds and pulp. Ten independent tests were prepared for each type of extract, using 0.12% chlorhexidine solution as positive control. Agar diffusion test was used by preparing wells with the experimental solutions cultivated in anaerobic conditions for 48 h at 37 °C. Meanwhile, the minimum inhibitory concentration and the cytotoxic effect over MDCK cell line was found. Results A higher antibacterial effect was observed with the methanol seed extract with an inhibitory halo of (21.36 ± 6.35) mm and (19.21 ± 5.18) mm against S. mutans and S. sanguinis, respectively. The methanol extract of the pulp had an effect of (16.20 ± 2.08) mm and (19.34 ± 2.90) mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the pulp extract was 62.5 μg/mL for both strains, whereas for the seed antibacterial activity was observed even at low concentrations. The CC

Elevación de piso de seno maxilar con técnica de Osteotomos: reporte de caso / Maxillary Sinus elevation with osteotomy technique: case report

La elevación de seno maxilar usando la técnica de osteotomos es un procedimiento menos invasivo, que reduce el tiempo operatorio, y minimiza las molestias postoperatorias del paciente. El presente reporte de caso presenta y discute las indicaciones para realizar la técnica de osteótomos para la elevación de seno maxilar a-traumática, en un reborde residual disminuido acompañado de la colocación de implante inmediato (Técnica de Summer). Se observa radiográficamente la ganancia de altura ósea.

The maxillary sinus lift using the osteotome technique is a less invasive procedure, reducing operative time and minimizes postoperative discomfort of the patient. This case report presents and discusses the indications for osteotomes technique for maxillary sinus lift-traumatic decrease in residual ridge accompanied by immediate implant placement (Technique of Summer). Showed radiological bone height gain.

Propóleo Peruano: una nueva alternativa terapéutica antimicrobiana en Estomatología / Peruvian Propolis: a new alternative in dental antimicrobial therapy

El propóleo es una sustancia resinosa compleja constituida por una gran variedad de compuestos químicos (esteres, flavonoides etc.), su composición no es estable y varía según la fuente de procedencia. Además, una de las propiedades más importantes del propóleo es su actividad antibacteriana, la cual se le atribuye fundamentalmente a los flavonoides. El propóleo se conoce desde la más remota antigüedad y ha sido utilizado por diferentes culturas con diversas finalidades. Con el posterior desarrollo de la farmacéutica y tratamientos fitoterápicos existe un resurgimiento en su uso. Es por esa razón que en los últimos años se han realizado algunas investigaciones acerca de los productos provenientes de las abejas y sus potenciales beneficios para la salud oral. Por lo tanto, la presente revisión de la literatura recolecta la información disponible sobre la composición del propóleo según zona geográfica y la actividad antibacteriana que tiene el propóleo aplicado a la estomatología.

Propolis is a resinous substance complex consisting of a variety of chemical compounds (esters, flavonoids, etc.), it's composition is not stable and varies depending on the source. In addition, one of the most important properties of propolis is its activity antibacterial, which is attributed mainly to flavonoides. Propolis has been known since ancient times and has been used by different cultures for various purposes. With the subsequent development of pharmaceutical and herbal treatments there is a resurgence in its use. It is for this reason that in recent years have done some research about the products from the bees and their potential health benefits oral. Therefore, this literature review collects the available information on properties of propolis depends on geography and the antibacterial activity propolis has applied to dentistry.

Evaluación in vitro del efecto antibacteriano del extracto etanólico de propóleo de Oxapampa - Perú sobre cultivos de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) y Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923) / Evaluation in vitro of antibacterial effect of ethanolic extract of propolis of Oxapampa - Peru againts Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923)

El propósito del estudio fue demostrar el efecto antibacteriano del extracto etanólico de propóleo (EEP) de Oxapampa-Perú evaluando in vitro su acción antibacteriana frente al S. mutans y S. aureus para enfrentarlas a las soluciones: Propóleo 10% y 30% y compararlas con los testigos clorhexidina 0,12 y 0,05%, listerine® y agua destilada. Se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana mediante el método de Kirby-Bauer. El diseño del estudio fue de tipo experimental in vitro y el tamaño muestral fue 16. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la prueba t de Student. Se determinó que para el S. aureus, el EEP al 30% presentó mayor eficacia con una media de 11,77mm±0,19 y se encontró que las dos concentraciones de propóleo a las 24 y 48 horas mostraron diferencia significativa p=0,007. Además, se determinó que para el S. mutans, tanto el EEP al 10% y 30% a las 24 y 48 horas no mostraron diferencia significativa. Se concluye queel EEP al 30% tuvo mayor efecto antibacteriano que el Listerine® contra el S. mutans p<0,001 e igual en efectividad que la clorhexidina 0,05% frente al S. aureus.

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the antibacterial effect of ethanolic extract of propolis of Oxapampa-Peru, evaluating in vitro its antibacterial action against S. mutans and S. aureus to compare with the solutions: Propolis 10 and 30%, Clorhexidine 0.12 and 0.05%, Listerine® and distilled water, using the Kirby-Bauer method. The study design was experimental in vitro and the sample size was n=16. For the analysis of data we used the Student t test. It was found that for S. aureus, the EEOP-30% was more effective with an average of 11.77±0.19 mm and found that both concentrations of propolis at 24 and 48 hours showed significant difference p=0.007. Furthermore, it was determined that for S. mutans, the EEOP 10 and 30% at 24 and 48 hours showed no significant differences. In conclusion, the EEOP 30% had the greatest antibacterial effect than Listerine® against S. mutans with p<0.001 and EEOP 30% had the same activity that chlorhexidine 0.05%, over S. aureus.

Pigmentaciones negras extrínsecas y su asociación con caries dental en niños con dentición mixta / Extrinsic black pigmentation and its association with dental caries in children with mixed dentition

El presente estudio tuvo como propósito conocer la asociación entre la presencia de pigmentaciones negras extrínsecas en superficies dentarias y la frecuencia de caries dental en niños con dentición mixta del Servicio de Odontopediatría del Hospital Central Fuerza Aérea del Perú (n=185), de los cuales el 6,49% (12 niños) presentaban dichas pigmentaciones. Para el análisis de los datos se emplearon frecuencias, porcentajes, medidas de tendencia central, medidas de dispersión, Chi-cuadrado y para conocer la asociación se empleó la prueba U de Mann Whitney. Al analizar la asociación entre las pigmentaciones negras extrínsecas y la frecuencia de caries dental, los resultados mostraron en los niños que presentaban dichas pigmentaciones un CEO+CPO de 1,33±1,07; mientras que los niños que no presentaban dichas pigmentaciones negras extrínseca sun CEO+CPO de 3,39±2,39. Sobre la base del análisis estadístico se concluye que el CEO+CPO en los niños con pigmentaciones negras extrínsecas fue menor que el CEO+CPO en los niños que no tenían dichas pigmentaciones siendo esta diferencia estadísticamente significativa con un p=0,001. Cabe resaltar que se encontró asociación entre la presencia de estas pigmentaciones y el consumo de suplementos dietéticos a base de fierro siendo estadísticamente significativa con un p=0,027.

The aim of the present study was to explore the association between the presence of extrinsic black stains on tooth surfaces and ithe frequency of dental caries in children from the Pediatric Clinic of the Peruvian Air Force Central Hospital (n=185). Among the children studied, 6,49% (12 children) presented those pigmentations. For the analysis of the data, frequencies, percentages, measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion and Chi-square were used and to explore the association Mann-Whitney U test was used, processed and analyzed using SPSS version 12 program. After the analysis of the relationship between the extrinsic black stains and the frequency of dental caries, the results showed that in children presenting such pigmentations the DMF+def index was of 1.33±1.07, while in children who did not present such black extrinsic pigmentations a DMF+def of 3.39±2.39 was found. Based on the statistical analysis it is concluded that the DMF+def in children with extrinsic black stains was lower than the DMF+def on children who had not such pigmentations and this difference was statistically significant with p=0.001. It is worth mentioning that an association found between the presence of these pigmentations and consumption of dietary supplements based on iron was statistically significant with p=0.027.